Getting a Real Answer From Authorized Support Teams
Most offshore operators that welcome UK players hold a Curacao or Anjouan licence rather than a UKGC one, which means the word "authorized" on the site refers to the operator's own licensing regime, not to British regulation. That is not a reason to panic — it is a reason to read the support pages before you deposit, because the licence body determines what recourse you have if a withdrawal is refused. At the brands covered on this page, from newer names such as Spinpin, Winplace and Fortunica to the long-established Bet365, William Hill, Ladbrokes and Coral, the mechanics of a good complaint are remarkably similar. The differences are in the hours staffed, the channels offered and how quickly a first reply arrives, all of which the table above summarises for the current line-up.
How to Write a Ticket That Gets a Real Answer
Support inboxes at busy casinos can process hundreds of queries a day, and the messages that get copied to a human decision-maker share a common shape. A ticket that produces a real answer almost always contains five ingredients, and leaving any of them out is the most common reason a query bounces between template replies for days:
Notice what is absent from that list: emotion, threats and comparisons to other operators. A message reading "I will report you to Curacao unless you pay in one hour" achieves the opposite of its intent — it is routed to the general queue and answered with the standard template. A message quoting clause 4.2 of the terms and a specific timestamp is routed to the payments team, and that distinction routinely saves 12 to 48 hours of back-and-forth. Tone matters too: polite, flat and factual reads as a player who knows the process, and agents escalate players who sound like they know the process. Getting the money back out is a subject of its own — our best payout casinos not on gamstop UK rundown covers withdrawal speed and limits.
Timing of the message matters as much as content. Filing a ticket at 03:00 UK time means it sits behind the overnight queue of the shift that started hours earlier, whereas the same message sent between 10:00 and 16:00 UK time lands at the start of the European business day, when the payments and compliance teams that actually resolve withdrawal queries are at their desks. Across the operators listed here, the practical difference in first-response time between a well-timed and a badly-timed ticket is often six to ten hours, and on a Friday evening it can stretch to a full weekend. If your query concerns a pending withdrawal that will expire or auto-cancel, file early in the operator's day and state the deadline explicitly in the first line. For what is available before funding an account, see our free spins no deposit not on gamstop rundown.
- Send between 10:00 and 16:00 UK time on a weekday whenever possible.
- Keep the entire issue in one ticket — splitting it into three tickets queues it three times.
- Ask for a ticket or case reference number in your first message; if the system does not generate one automatically, that itself is a signal worth noting.
- Reply within the same ticket rather than opening a new one, so the history stays attached.
Escalation Path When the First Reply Is a Template
A template reply is not necessarily bad news — it is the standard first filter, and at most operators 60 to 80 percent of queries are genuinely resolved by it. The problem starts when the template does not address your specific point, for example when you asked about a 72-hour pending period and the reply explains bonus wagering instead. At that moment the worst thing you can do is rephrase the same question, because that returns you to the same queue. The correct move is a structured escalation, and it follows the same ladder at essentially every offshore-facing operator in 2026:
- Reply once, in the same ticket, naming the unanswered point and asking explicitly: "please pass this to the payments or compliance department, as this requires a decision beyond first-line support."
- Request escalation to a supervisor or shift manager if the second reply is again a template. Supervisors at most casinos can release a payment hold or approve document exceptions that first-line agents cannot.
- Use a second channel in parallel — if the ticket came through email, raise the same reference number through live chat and state that an email escalation is already open. Parallel channels create internal visibility, and most systems flag accounts appearing on two channels within the same 24 hours.
- Invoke the formal complaints procedure in writing. Every operator on this page is required by its licence to publish one, and filing formally starts a clock — under a Curacao licence the operator commits to a substantive reply, and under the independent dispute bodies attached to some licences, an external adjudication can follow.
- Escalate to the licence regulator or its appointed dispute service only after the operator's own procedure has been exhausted. Include the full ticket history; complaints without the internal trail are returned unanswered.
Two figures are worth memorising. First, most offshore operators commit to a substantive response on a formal complaint within 14 days, and well-run ones answer within 3 to 5. Second, dispute bodies typically will not accept a case until at least 8 weeks have passed since the original query or the operator has issued a final deadlock letter, whichever comes first — so pushing for a deadlock letter is often the fastest route to external review. Keeping every reply, with timestamps visible, is what makes step five work when it is needed. The scoring behind this order is explained in the Bitcoin casinos not on gamstop for the UK players best Bitcoin gambling sites page.
| Escalation step | Who handles it | Typical first reply | What it can actually decide |
|---|---|---|---|
| First-line ticket or chat | General support agent | 5 minutes to 2 hours on live chat; 2–24 hours on email | Account questions, bonus status, standard document requests |
| Second reply with named escalation | Senior agent | 4–24 hours | Re-opening a closed query, correcting a mistaken template |
| Supervisor / shift manager | Team lead | Within one business day | Releasing standard payment holds, approving exceptions |
| Formal written complaint | Compliance / complaints department | 3–14 days | Withdrawal decisions, bonus disputes, final position |
| External dispute body | Licence-appointed adjudicator | Weeks, after internal procedure ends | Binding recommendation on the operator |
What the Support Setup Says About the Operator
Support is the cheapest honest audit of an offshore casino, and you can run it before you risk a pound. The way an operator staffs and structures its helpdesk correlates strongly with how it behaves at the moment of a large withdrawal, because both are cost decisions. An operator that pays for 24/7 live chat with sub-five-minute answers is an operator that has invested in retention; an operator whose only channel is an email address answered "within 5 working days" has made the opposite choice. Neither is automatically a scam, but the second type will test your patience at exactly the moment you least want it tested — after a big win. The cost of play is broken down in our Irish casinos not on gamstop comparison.
Signs worth weight in the pre-deposit check include whether the operator publishes named responsible-gambling tools with real limits (deposit caps, session reminders, cooling-off periods that actually apply), whether the cashier page lists withdrawal timeframes per method rather than a vague "fast payouts" slogan, and whether the terms contain a stated maximum withdrawal per day or week. A £5,000 daily cap is not a red flag by itself, but discovering it after you have won £30,000 is; the honest operators state it in the cashier, the careless ones bury it in clause 9.3. Offers that need no deposit at all are compared in casinos not on gamstop UK no deposit bonus.
Red flags, conversely, are worth listing in full because they cluster together — where you see one, the others are usually nearby:
- No published company name or licence entity anywhere on the site, including the footer.
- Support that only exists as a web form with no ticket reference and no copy emailed to you.
- Withdrawal terms that change between the promotion page and the terms and conditions.
- Agents who answer instantly at 03:00 with fluent sales patter but cannot answer a single cashier question.
- Any request to communicate only through a messaging app outside the platform's own channels.
One further structural signal: operators with several brands under one roof often share a support back-office. If you notice identical phrasing, identical wait times and identical document portals across two sites, that shared infrastructure cuts both ways — it usually means consistent processes, but it also means an unresolved dispute at one brand can colour the treatment of your account at the sister site. Players holding accounts at several offshore-facing casinos sometimes forget this and are surprised when a complaint reference from one brand surfaces at another. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in the no verification betting sites guide.
Verification Handled as a Support Process
Verification is where the most disputes are born and where the most can be won or lost, so it deserves to be treated as a support workflow rather than an obstacle. The underlying principle is the same everywhere, offshore or not: before releasing funds, an operator must confirm you are who you say you are, that the money is yours and that it is not laundering anyone else's. Offshore operators apply the same logic with fewer automatic checks at registration and heavier manual checks at cashout, which is precisely why the process feels sudden. Understanding the stages turns it from a shock into a schedule. The full cost of playing for real money is set out in real money slots.
The standard sequence runs in four stages, and each has its own realistic window. At most operators, stage one is automated; from stage two onward, human review determines the pace, which is why the difference between a prepared and an unprepared player can be measured in days:
| Verification stage | What is requested | Typical processing window | What delays it most |
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity check | Photo ID — passport or photocard driving licence | Under 1 hour to 24 hours | Glare, cropped corners, scans of screenshots instead of documents |
| Address confirmation | Utility bill or bank statement dated within 3 months | Up to 48 hours | Documents older than the window; e-bills with no full address |
| Payment-method ownership | Card photo (middle digits masked) or wallet screenshot showing your name | Up to 24 hours per method | Using a card or wallet registered to another person — this can void the withdrawal entirely |
| Source-of-funds review | Payslips, sale contracts or bank statements for large wins | 1–10 days depending on the amount | Requests made only above operator thresholds, often £2,000–£5,000 or more |
Preparation is the single highest-leverage habit on this entire page. Before you deposit, have four documents current and legible: a photo ID, a utility bill or statement under three months old, proof of ownership for every payment method you intend to use, and — if you plan to play at meaningful stakes — a bank statement covering your deposits. Uploading them proactively, before any withdrawal request, means the manual review starts from a complete file instead of a request. Players who do this typically see standard withdrawals clear within the published window; players who upload documents only when asked add 24 to 72 hours, and at peak periods longer. How the money gets in is covered separately in the payment methods page.
- Photograph documents flat, in even light, with all four corners visible — resubmissions for image quality are the most common cause of delay.
- Mask nothing on an ID; mask only the middle card digits on a card photo, exactly as most cashier pages instruct.
- Never upload third-party payment methods. If a family member's card funded the account, resolve it with support before playing, not at cashout.
- Keep the originals — operators sometimes request a fresh document if the first is more than 90 days old at the moment of review.
It is worth stating plainly, because a great deal of bad advice circulates on this point: verification is not a trick to be delayed, split around or avoided, and deliberately structuring withdrawals to stay under a review threshold is a breach of terms that can forfeit winnings outright at any licensed operator, offshore included. The compliant approach is the fast one — verify early, verify fully, and treat any source-of-funds request as routine paperwork for a five-figure win, which is exactly what it is. Operators are legally obliged to run these checks, and the ones that skip them are telling you something about how they will behave in every other dispute. See the poker sites not on gamstop guide for background on this topic.
This is also where the choice of platform type matters. Some players specifically seek out UK casinos not on gamstop because registration is lighter and identity checks arrive later in the journey; that is a genuine difference, and it is described honestly across our wider coverage of the sector. But later is not never, and the operators that advertise no-document sign-up invariably require full verification before the first large payout — usually anything above roughly £2,000, though the exact trigger varies by brand. Knowing your operator's threshold before you need it is part of choosing it.
What happens when something goes wrong at Casinos Not on Gamstop sites in the UK?
- 2 daysQuickest verification — Spinpin
- 7/10Sites offering full 2FA
- 9/10Sites with round-the-clock support
This is an editorial comparison, not an operator statement. Timings, limits and fees are indicative and should be checked before you commit money. 18+.
Channels, Hours and Realistic Response Windows in 2026
Once you know how to write a ticket and how verification runs, the remaining variable is the operator itself: which channels it staffs, for how many hours, and how quickly a first human reply arrives on each. The table above sets out the current comparison across the operators on this page, so this section focuses on the patterns behind the numbers rather than repeating them row by row. The broad shape in 2026 is consistent: live chat has become the default first channel everywhere, email handles anything involving documents, and telephone support has largely retreated to the biggest and oldest brands. What happens when something goes wrong is covered in the British casino page.
Channels, Hours and First-Response Times per Operator
The ten operators covered here fall into two broad camps. The newer offshore-facing names — Spinpin, Winplace, CrownJewels, Bravoplay, Fortunica and Betninja — are built around live chat and email, with chat typically staffed around the clock in shifts and email answered inside one business day as the standard commitment. The four household names — Bet365, William Hill, Ladbrokes and Coral — run the deepest support infrastructure in the industry, including 24/7 telephone lines and far more mature formal complaints procedures, which is one reason their dispute resolution tends to be faster and more predictable even though the terms on bonuses are stricter than at most offshore sites. A separate page, the roulette not on gamstop guide, goes into this in detail.
Realistic first-response windows, as an editorial summary of what each channel is generally used for and how quickly it tends to reply across the sector, look like this:
| Channel | Availability pattern | Realistic first reply | Best used for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Live chat | 24/7 at most offshore-facing brands; business hours at some smaller sites | Under 5 minutes when staffed; up to 30 minutes at peak evening hours | Account status, bonus queries, chasing an open ticket |
| Email / ticket form | Always available; answered in business hours | 2–24 hours; up to 72 hours at smaller operators | Documents, formal complaints, anything needing a written record |
| Telephone | Mostly the established UK brands; 24/7 in most cases | Immediate connection, though call-centre agents rarely decide payments | Urgent account security issues, lockouts |
| Social / messaging apps | Variable; offered by a minority of offshore brands | Unpredictable — hours to days | Avoid for anything involving documents or money |
Notice that "first reply" is not the same as "resolution". A chat agent answers in minutes but can usually only look up status; an email that takes twelve hours to answer often closes the issue outright because it reaches the team with authority. The experienced pattern is to use chat to establish facts and create urgency, and email to obtain the binding written answer. If a withdrawal has been pending longer than the published window — commonly 24 to 72 hours at offshore brands before payment processing adds its own time — the written record from email is what the dispute body will want to see. There is more on this in our aviator game bet comparison.
Channel quality also varies with the hour in a way that is easy to anticipate. Evening peak, roughly 19:00 to 23:00 UK time, is when queue times stretch across every operator, because that is when most players are active. The quietest window for a substantive query is generally 08:00 to 11:00 UK time on a weekday, when the European day shift is fully staffed and the overnight backlog has cleared. Weekend queries run one to two days slower across the board, and holidays stretch further still — plan any time-sensitive cashout request around that calendar rather than against it. For the neighbouring question, see crypto casino.
The Issues Players Actually Raise, and Who Resolves Them Fastest
Across every operator profile, the same handful of issues make up the overwhelming majority of support traffic, and each has a natural home — the channel and department where it gets resolved fastest. Sending a query to the wrong place is the most preventable cause of a multi-day delay, so it is worth knowing the map before you need it:
| Issue | Share of typical support traffic | Fastest route | Realistic resolution time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Withdrawal pending longer than advertised | Highest single category | Email to payments with transaction timestamps | 1–5 days; longer if verification opens |
| Bonus not credited after a qualifying deposit | Very high | Live chat with deposit reference | Minutes to a few hours — often credited on the spot |
| Verification document rejected | High | Chat to learn the reason, email to resubmit | 24–48 hours per resubmission |
| Bonus terms dispute (wagering, max bet, expiry) | Medium | Formal written complaint quoting the clause | 3–14 days |
| Game froze mid-round or balance error | Medium | Chat immediately, with game name, time and stake | Hours — providers can audit the game log |
| Account lock or login failure | Medium | Telephone where offered, otherwise chat | Same day in most cases |
A few of these deserve a worked example, because the numbers are instructive. Take the frozen game: a round interrupted mid-play is resolvable to the penny, because the game provider keeps a server-side log of every spin and the operator can query it. The player who notes the game title, the exact time, the stake and the approximate balance before contacting support turns a contested claim into a five-minute log check. The player who closes the browser and contacts support the next morning with "I think I had about £80 in there" invites a much slower and less generous process. The same logic applies to a failed deposit that debited your bank: the card authorisation reference from your banking app, quoted in the chat, collapses what would otherwise be a three-day investigation into a same-day credit. This is picked up again in the live casino not on gamstop guide.
Bonus disputes are the slowest category for a structural reason: they involve reading terms rather than checking logs, and the terms are drafted by the operator. The realistic defence is documentation from your side — a screenshot of the promotion as it appeared when you opted in, including the date if the page shows one, plus the deposit receipt. Operators do correct genuine errors, especially where the promotion page and the terms contradict each other, but they only ever do so when shown the contradiction. The share of bonus complaints that escalate externally is small, but among those that succeed, nearly all rest on a dated screenshot of the offer page. Recently launched sites are assessed separately in the new UK casinos not on gamstop guide.
Where Big Wins Change the Process
Everything above scales smoothly up to a certain size, and then it does not. The first time a withdrawal reaches a five-figure sum, three things change at once, and knowing them in advance removes most of the stress. First, the payment moves from automatic to manual approval — almost universally, at every operator on this page and across the sector. Second, a source-of-funds review may open even if your account was fully verified long ago; this is a legal obligation, not suspicion of you personally. Third, the operator's published withdrawal-per-transaction limits start to bind, and a £40,000 win may need to be released in weekly instalments under a £5,000 or £10,000 cap, which the terms almost always permit the operator to do. On a large progressive win the practical difference between an ordinary cashout and this process is a matter of days to a couple of weeks, and none of it is avoidable by any legitimate means. For more context, see our casinos not on gamstop UK PayPal rundown.
Before any of that matters, though, the win itself has to happen, and players weighing up where to chase the large progressive prizes often work through several related pages of this site first — the breakdown of what is match betting, for instance, or our comparison of the best payout casinos not on gamstop UK, where the same operators are ranked on published return figures rather than support quality. Both angles matter; support quality is simply the one that decides your experience on the day something goes wrong rather than the day everything goes right.
There is also a practical sequencing point that experienced players follow after any genuinely large win: request the withdrawal first, and only then consider closing or pausing play. Winnings left sitting in a casino balance are exposed to the operator's solvency and to your own temptation, whereas a submitted withdrawal request, even one in a 48-hour pending queue, is a claim on record with a timestamp and a ticket reference. If the operator delays beyond its published window, that timestamp is the anchor of any escalation. Players who continue playing through a large pending balance regularly find the balance reduced by the time the payment is approved — a pattern the support teams have heard about many times and can do nothing about. What is actually in these lobbies is broken down in our slots not on gamstop comparison.
Choosing where to play in the first place benefits from the same documentation mindset. Some readers will be comparing these platforms against non UK casinos not on gamstop licensed in other European jurisdictions, where the dispute framework differs again; others are focused narrowly on payouts or on fresh brands, and for them our pages on new UK casinos not on gamstop and on free spins no deposit not on gamstop offers cover the promotional side in detail. Whichever list you work from, the support checklist is identical: published licence entity, per-method withdrawal windows, stated complaint procedure, and at least one channel you can get a written answer from within 24 hours.
It is also worth drawing the boundary of this page honestly. Betting products behave differently from casino products at support level — a voided bet has a settlement log just as a slot has a spin log, but the markets, settlement rules and bet-builder edge cases create their own dispute categories, which we handle separately in our coverage of non gamstop betting sites and, for players who want sign-up without document friction, no verification betting sites. The escalation ladder in this article transfers to those products unchanged; only the vocabulary of the dispute changes. The same is true across jurisdictions: the mechanics described here apply with minor variations at Irish casinos not on gamstop, and players using wallet-based payments should read our guide to casinos not on gamstop UK PayPal options, since e-wallet ownership checks add one extra stage to the verification table above.
Taking Stock Before You Deposit
Everything on this page reduces to a short discipline, and it costs about twenty minutes spread across the lifetime of an account. Run the pre-deposit check below against any operator before your first deposit, and against yourself before your first large withdrawal. Players who complete both halves of this list rarely need the escalation ladder at all — and when they do, they climb it in days rather than weeks:
| Check | Where to find it | What a good answer looks like |
|---|---|---|
| Licence entity and number | Site footer and terms, clause 1 | A named company and a licence you can look up on the regulator's own register |
| Withdrawal window per method | Cashier or payments page | Stated hours per method, e.g. "e-wallets 0–24 hours, cards 1–3 days" |
| Withdrawal limits | Terms, cashier page | Per-day and per-transaction caps stated in £, not omitted |
| Complaints procedure | Terms, or a dedicated help section | A named process with a response commitment and an external dispute body |
| Your documents, current | Your own files | ID plus a proof of address under 3 months old, ready before the first deposit |
| Record of the offer you accepted | Your own screenshots | Dated capture of the promotion page and its terms at opt-in |
Two closing observations from the pattern of disputes across the sector. The first is that the operators with the best support reputations are not the ones with the fastest chat widget — they are the ones whose written answers match their published terms, every time, including when the answer costs them money. That consistency is visible within a single support interaction if you ask one specific question and check the reply against the terms yourself. The second is that players' own records decide more disputes than operators' goodwill does: a dated screenshot, a saved chat transcript and a bank reference have ended more arguments in players' favour than any amount of insistence. Support is a process you can prepare for, and on a page about what happens when things go wrong, preparation is the whole answer.
Finally, keep the wider context in view. Sites outside the GamStop scheme trade on freedom — bigger bonuses, higher stakes, fewer interruptions — and for a minority of players that freedom is precisely the risk, which is why self-exclusion through GamStop remains the right first step for anyone who has lost control of their play, whatever a marketing page may say. For everyone else, the same freedom simply means you are your own regulator's customer-service department: check the cashier, verify early, write tickets like a professional, and treat the first substantive written answer you receive as the most valuable currency in the entire process.
What to verify first
Confirm the numbers in the cashier
Everything on this page is a comparison estimate; the cashier is the authority. Start with the minimum (£10) and the fee (None).
Complete verification early
Documents clear in about 2 days. Doing it before the first withdrawal removes the single most common delay.
Set deposit and session limits first
Tools available: deposit limits, session timer, cool-off, self-exclusion. They are easier to set before a session than during one.
Match the account names
The bank account name and the casino profile name must be identical or transfers reverse.
Keep the payment route consistent
Depositing with one method and withdrawing to another triggers a manual review at most operators.
The questions this page gets
What does it cost to start?
£10 at Spinpin, with None in operator fees. Withdrawals return 25–115 min once approved.
What are the limits?
£7,500 a day and £67,500 a month here, with a £50 minimum on the way out.
Is verification required?
Yes, once — usually triggered around £2,500 in cumulative withdrawals. It takes about 2 days.
What is in the game library?
3600 titles at Spinpin, including 2550 pokies and 215 live tables, from 36 studios.
How responsive is support?
24/7, first reply around 2 min, via live chat, email, phone.
Figures in this table are an editorial estimate compiled for this comparison, not an operator quote — limits and timings change. Confirm in the cashier before you deposit. 18+.
2FA: the table
Ordered by 2FA, best first. These are the working values used across this site, so the same operator shows the same numbers on every page here.
| # | Site | 2FA | Channels | ID check from | Withdrawal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spinpin | Email code only | Live chat, Email, Phone | £2,500 | 25–115 min |
| 2 | CrownJewels | Yes | Phone, Telegram | £5,000 | 30–75 min |
| 3 | Fortunica | Yes | Live chat, Email, WhatsApp | £5,000 | 25–115 min |
| 4 | Betninja | Yes | WhatsApp, Phone | £5,000 | 20–35 min |
| 5 | Coral | Yes | WhatsApp, Phone | £2,000 | 45–90 min |
| 6 | Ladbrokes | Yes | Email, Phone, Telegram | £2,000 | 45–75 min |
| 7 | William Hill | Yes | WhatsApp, Telegram | £5,000 | 5–95 min |
| 8 | Winplace | Yes | WhatsApp, Phone | £2,500 | 20–80 min |
| 9 | Bravoplay | Email code only | Live chat, Email, Phone | £1,000 | 20–65 min |
| 10 | Bet365 | Email code only | Live chat, Email, Phone | £1,000 | 10–40 min |
Spinpin takes the top slot on fastest first response (Email code only). At the other end of the table Bet365 sits at Email code only — the spread is the reason this page exists.
This is an editorial comparison, not an operator statement. Timings, limits and fees are indicative and should be checked before you commit money. 18+.
Problems, causes and what actually resolves them
What actually goes wrong, what causes it and what resolves it — with the time each fix realistically takes.
| Symptom | Cause | Fix | Typical time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template reply that answers nothing | First-line agent working from a script | Ask a single, specific question with the ticket reference; multi-part tickets get multi-part templates | 2 min |
| Ticket reference lost | Chat session closed before the transcript was sent | Request the transcript by email at the end of every chat | Immediate |
| Verification stuck in review | Documents unreadable or names mismatched | Re-upload flat, uncropped scans with all corners visible | 2 days |
| Withdrawal query bounced between departments | Payments team handles cashier issues, not first line | Ask for the payments team by name in the first message | 24 hours |
| No response outside business hours | Support runs 24/7 | Time the request to the start of the support window, not the end | — |
How it runs, start to finish
Timings are the working values for this comparison; the stage that varies most between operators is marked in the table above.
- 1
Open the ticket in the right channelunder 1 min
Live chat for anything blocking play, email for anything needing an attachment. Spinpin runs support 24/7.
- 2
First response2 min
A first reply is not a resolution. Note the ticket reference — without it, a second contact starts the queue over.
- 3
Provide documents once2 days
Verification requests are the most common ticket. Sending all documents in one message shortens the round trip more than any other action.
- 4
Escalation24–72 hours
Ask explicitly for the complaint to be escalated and for the reference. Template replies repeat until the word 'complaint' appears.
- 5
External routeup to 8 weeks
If the operator's internal process is exhausted, the licence holder's dispute service is the next step — which is why the licence matters.










